Hand Woven
How Are Tapestries Woven
What is a tapestry? According to wikepedia’s definition –‘it is a form of textile art woven on a vertical loom.’
Actually, hand woven tapestries can be woven on a vertical loom (referred to as a haute lisse) or on a horizontal loom (a basse lisse). Today, both types of looms are still used in weaving a tapestry wall hanging. Regardless whether a tapestry is woven on a high or low warp loom, weaver is required to sit at a loom, painstakingly weaving one thread at a time.
A wall tapestry is composed of two sets of interlaced threads. They are:
Warp threads: these threads are the foundation of the wall hanging tapestry. You do not see them, as they are stretched tight on the loom, and run vertically up and down. The warp threads have to be very strong to the support the wall tapestry and are typically cotton, or linen.
Weft threads: the weaver proceeds to weave the colored threads, back and forth across these warp threads, thereby creating the scene or picture for the wall tapestry. Weft threads are usually wool, wool/silk, cotton. In the past gold and silver was also used, intertwined with the wool threads giving the hand woven tapestry luster, brilliance and highlights.
Originally weavers wove their own simple designs. Later skilled artists created images known as cartoons (similar to paintings).
The tapestry pattern and fabric are constructed simultaneously. The tapestry is woven sideways, so the height of the tapestry is determined by the height of the loom, whereas, the width is limited only by the length of the wall it is designated for. As a result large tapestries can be any length. The longest known large tapestry (that is a continuous piece) to have been woven was 77 feet long.
Some of the most famous hand woven tapestries are: Lady with the Unicorn series of 6 tapestries today resident at the Cluny museum in Paris.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady_and_the_Unicorn
The Apocalypse Tapestries located at the Chateau D’Angers in France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_Tapestry
The Hunt of the Unicorn resident in The Cloisters at the Metropolitan Museum of Fine Art in New York
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunt_of_the_Unicorn
The Raphael ‘Acts of the Apostles’ tapestries in the Vatican
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Cartoons
Tapestries date back to the 3rd century, with fragments found from ancient Greece. There were different wall tapestry weaving centers throughout Europe. Each one flourished at a point in history, and then disappeared or moved to another country. The most famous tapestry wall hanging centers were Arras (N France) during the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 16th century the towns of Oudenaarde (Flanders), Brussels and Enghein, and by the 17th and 18th century they became famous in France @ the Gobelins in Paris and in Italy. William Morris resurrected the art of weaving tapestries in the 19th century in England.
Jacquard weaving came into existence with the introduction of the jacquard loom in the mid 1700′s. Originally used for producing jacquard upholstery fabric, wall tapestries woven on jacquard looms became popular during the early 20th century allowing for mass production of tapestries for homes throughout the world.
Today, thousands of tapestry wall hanging designs based on originals in both jacquard as well as hand woven tapestries are both affordable and available in the market place.
Copyright March , 2011 Heirloom European Tapestries
About the Author
Heirloom European Tapestries is America’s largest source for tapestry wall hangings and offers a comprehensive collection of floral tapestry designs. We also have a wide range of exquisite French & Italian tapestry wall hangings.
Woven hand – Sparrow falls
Hand Woven
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